{"id":338,"date":"2012-10-17T09:27:08","date_gmt":"2012-10-17T00:27:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/?p=338"},"modified":"2012-10-17T09:27:08","modified_gmt":"2012-10-17T00:27:08","slug":"%e7%ac%ac3%e7%ab%a0%e3%80%80the-peoples-liberation-armys-navy-of-china-its-strategies-and-impacts-on-the-neighbors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/archives\/338","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u3000The People\u2019s Liberation Army\u2019s Navy of China: Its Strategies and Impacts on the Neighbors"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Chapter3: Impact on Taiwan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Taiwan receives the biggest and most direct influence by the expansion of the PLAN.\u00a0 This is not only because the Communist government regards Taiwan as a part of their sovereignty, and it does not allow the independence of Taiwan, but because Taiwan is located at the geopolitically important point for China\u2019s expansion to the outer oceans.\u00a0 Basically, the PLAN has two routes to access to the Pacific Ocean: the Okinawa Islands and Taiwan. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hasegawa, 294.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 However, it is almost impossible to seize the control over the Okinawa Islands because they are legally the Japanese territory and there are substantial bases of the U.S. forces.\u00a0 On the other hand, Taiwan is located only 150 kilometers away from the Chinese coast occupied by the same Chinese.\u00a0 From the Chinese perspective, they have right to control the island, because Taiwan is under the Chinese culture.\u00a0 In addition, Taiwan\u2019s control on the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea is also attractive for the PLAN, because they are located at the middle of the sea-lane in the South China Sea. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Hasegawa, 294.\u00a0 Also, US Office of the Secretary of Defense, 22.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u3000In other words, control over the Taiwan sovereignty does not mean only to get access to the Pacific Ocean, but it will be the big step to win the territorial conflicts in the South China Sea.\u00a0 Seizing Taiwan has also strong political message to other separation movements in China such as Tibet. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Thomas J. Christensen, \u201cChinese Realpolitik,\u201d Foreign Affairs 75, no.5 (1996): <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/proxy.mbc.edu:2108\/pqdweb?RQT=306&amp;TS=1192760580&amp;clientId=52920.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Because the Taiwan issue is the most visible to the international society, the Communist government might be able to eliminate resistance in the other areas after they achieve control of Taiwan.\u00a0 If even Taiwan could not keep independent, how can small minority groups achieve it?\u00a0 In this way, seizing Taiwan can be the first big step to achieve the PLAN\u2019s strategic goal and the national interest.<\/p>\n<p>As the practical means, there are three tactics the PLAN can take against Taiwan: amphibious assault, blockade, and missile strike. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cole, 155.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 The first one must be the last option for the PLAN, because it needs many vessels and people, which is more than the PLAN\u2019s capability, and there are few landing points in both sides of Taiwan coasts. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Howarth, 48.\u00a0 Also, Cole, 155.\u00a0 According to Cole, the Taiwan Strait itself is the burden for the invasion.\u00a0 The PLAN has to calculate its high winds and seas with many typhoons (Cole, 155).\u00a0 In&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_5');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 In this case, Taiwan forces can anticipate the possible routes the PLAN will take and can counterfight easily.\u00a0 Geographically, in short, Taiwan Island is hard to invade.\u00a0 In addition, there is no sign that the PLAN is building any type of fleet (merchant and naval vessels) to achieve the invasion. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Howarth, 49.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 This means that the PLAN will not have ability to invade in the near future.\u00a0 Of course, the PLAN cannot ignore the Taiwan Navy.\u00a0 Because the PLAN has not accomplished to seize the sea control over the Straits yet, the Taiwan Navy might win at the battle, or at least the Taiwan Navy survive to bother the invasion. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cole, 155.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 In any case, the amphibious assault costs too much for both sides of the straits, and it is not a possible choice that Beijing will choose in close future. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Howarth, 49.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Therefore, the PLAN has two options left: blockade and missile strikes.\u00a0 The latter option sounds easier, but they are not accurate yet. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cole, 157.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Moreover, no one knows how much the Taiwan people can resist against them. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cole, 157.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 In short, missile strikes are great gamble for China in many ways.<\/p>\n<p>In this way, blockade is the most possible in the three choices.\u00a0 Even though blockade is not perfect, the fear to be blockaded is enough to evoke concern about the sea power for both the people and the government. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Measheimer, 127-132.\u00a0 For example, Mearsheimer himself think the blockade does not work without corresponding land power.\u00a0 He explained this point with the example of the Japanese defeat at the end&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_11');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Taiwan does not have any energy resources except for the nuclear power, and its economy is dependent on the trade. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Michael C. Grubb, \u201cMerchant Shipping in a Chinese Blockade of Taiwan,\u201d Naval War College Review 60, no.1 (2007): 88,&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_12');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Also, blockade against Taiwanese ports is very easy.\u00a0 As mentioned above, Taiwan has natural limits to build a port; therefore, there are only two important commercial ports in the west coast (Chinese side).\u00a0 Therefore, the PLAN can use the tactics to blockade ports besides the blockade of the sea-lanes. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cole, 156.\u00a0 This tactics is same with the military reason.\u00a0 As Okumura described with examples of Spanish-American War (blockade of Santiago by Mahan) and Russo-Japanese War (blockade of Lushun by&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_13');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 In addition, Taiwan is in the Chinese territory, so that the PLAN could mine and blockade without violation of the international law. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[14]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cole, 156.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Therefore, blockade needs fewer vessels, costs and efforts to defeat Taiwan than the other two choices, and this blockade theory fits Sun Zi\u2019s \u201csubduing the enemy without any battle,\u201d which is the Chinese basic military strategy throughout its history. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[15]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Howarth, 140.\u00a0 Also, the Taiwan Navy and the U.S. Navy in Asia have small capability of anti-submarine and anti-mine warfare (Howarth, 51 and Cole, 157).\u00a0 This fact makes the blockade more possible&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_15');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>As the PLAN increases its size and expands its area of activity, Taiwan is more threatened.\u00a0 The PLAN wants this island for several reasons; it is a national goal to annex the island under the Communist&#8217;s government; it is strategically important to take control over the island to get access to the Pacific Ocean; and it will be a strong message to other separatists in China.\u00a0 However, taking control over the island is not so easy yet.\u00a0 Right now, the PLAN has only ability to blockade Taiwan, and it is still not sure whether this could work as the PLAN initially intends, because Taiwan can stockpile the energy resources, and because there is possibility of air supplies, as the U.S. did for Western Germany during the Cold War. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[16]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cole, 157-158.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Moreover, the PLAN cannot ignore the US power in the East China Sea.\u00a0 If China launches un-peaceful seizure of Taiwan, the U.S. (and possibly the international society) must react. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_338_1('footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[17]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Howarth, 55.\u00a0 Also, US Office of the Secretary of Defense, 33.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_338_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 But before the discussion how the US dominance actually influences on this issue, let\u2019s focus on two other major naval powers in the Asia: Japan and India.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_338_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_338_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_338_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_338_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hasegawa, 294.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Hasegawa, 294.\u00a0 Also, US Office of the Secretary of Defense, 22.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Thomas J. Christensen, \u201cChinese Realpolitik,\u201d Foreign Affairs 75, no.5 (1996): <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/proxy.mbc.edu:2108\/pqdweb?RQT=306&amp;TS=1192760580&amp;clientId=52920.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_4');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_7');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cole, 155.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Howarth, 48.\u00a0 Also, Cole, 155.\u00a0 According to Cole, the Taiwan Strait itself is the burden for the invasion.\u00a0 The PLAN has to calculate its high winds and seas with many typhoons (Cole, 155).\u00a0 In addition, there is no place to hide for the submarines, because the strait is shallow (Piers M. Wood and Charles D. Ferguson, \u201cHow China Night Invade Taiwan,\u201d Naval War College Review 54, no.4 (2001): 60, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/proxy.mbc.edu:2263\/itx\/start.do?prodId=AONE&amp;userGroupName=mbaldwin.).<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_6');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_8');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Howarth, 49.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi\" ><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_9');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9,<\/a> <a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_10');\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cole, 157.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Measheimer, 127-132.\u00a0 For example, Mearsheimer himself think the blockade does not work without corresponding land power.\u00a0 He explained this point with the example of the Japanese defeat at the end of WW2.\u00a0 According to him, it is true that the blockade by the Allied Navy caused the scares of many goods to continue the war.\u00a0 But at the same time, the air bombardment destroyed major cities in Japan besides the atomic bombs and the Soviet\u2019s invasion to Manchuria.\u00a0 He also listed other cases of blockade from Europe.\u00a0 (The blockade at 1.French blockade against the British in the Napoleon War, 2.British blockade against French also in the Napoleon War, 3.French blockade against Prussian in 1870, 4.German blockade against British during WW1, 5.Brisith and American blockade against German during WW1, 6.German blockade against British during WW2, and 7.Britich and American blockade against German and Italian during WW2.)\u00a0 Measheimer explained that some of them are totally failed and others were successful because of the combination with the Army victory (Measheimer, 127-132).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Michael C. Grubb, \u201cMerchant Shipping in a Chinese Blockade of Taiwan,\u201d Naval War College Review 60, no.1 (2007): 88, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/proxy.mbc.edu:2263\/itx\/start.do?prodId=AONE&amp;userGroupName=mbaldwin.\u00a0<\/span> Also, Howarth, 50.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cole, 156.\u00a0 This tactics is same with the military reason.\u00a0 As Okumura described with examples of Spanish-American War (blockade of Santiago by Mahan) and Russo-Japanese War (blockade of Lushun by Saneyuki Akiyama), the blockade has military aspect.\u00a0 If the military port is blocked, the enemy\u2019s Navy cannot control the sea.\u00a0 In this sense, blockade works to reduce enemy\u2019s \u201cmilitary power.\u201d Masashi Okuyama, Geopolitics, (Tokyo: Satsuki-Syobo, 2004), 62.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_14');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_14\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cole, 156.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_15');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_15\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Howarth, 140.\u00a0 Also, the Taiwan Navy and the U.S. Navy in Asia have small capability of anti-submarine and anti-mine warfare (Howarth, 51 and Cole, 157).\u00a0 This fact makes the blockade more possible option.\u00a0 Moreover the fact that Taiwan is in the Chinese territory prevents the U.S. Navy to complete the mission in this area (Cole,157).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_16');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_16\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cole, 157-158.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_338_1_17');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_338_1_17\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Howarth, 55.\u00a0 Also, US Office of the Secretary of Defense, 33.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_338_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_338_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_338_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_338_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_338_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_338_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_338_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_338_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_338_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_338_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_338_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_338_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_338_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_338_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter3: Impact on Taiwan Taiwan receives the biggest and most direct influence by the expansion of the PLAN. 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