{"id":641,"date":"2012-11-11T10:07:57","date_gmt":"2012-11-11T01:07:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/?p=641"},"modified":"2012-11-11T10:07:57","modified_gmt":"2012-11-11T01:07:57","slug":"%e7%ac%ac%ef%bc%96%e7%ab%a0%e3%80%80the-peoples-liberation-armys-navy-of-china-its-strategies-and-impacts-on-the-neighbors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/archives\/641","title":{"rendered":"\u7b2c\uff16\u7ae0\u3000The People\u2019s Liberation Army\u2019s Navy of China: Its Strategies and Impacts on the Neighbors"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Chapter6: Does China challenge US dominance in Asia?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The PLAN\u2019s expansion does not impact only states in Asia.\u00a0 As the growth of Chinese influence is the major concern for the Asian states, it is also considerable for the Americans.\u00a0 In this chapter, the U.S. government\u2019s general policies to China will be discussed first, and then discussion of how the PLAN\u2019s expansion influence on these policies will follow.<\/p>\n<p>The Bush administration\u2019s main goal in East Asia is the relationship of engagement and deterrence with China; they want China to act with responsibility as a powerful country, and at the same time, they are worried about China\u2019s increasing military enhancement and influence on the balance of power over the region and the world. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">National Institute for Defense Studies, East Asian Strategic Review 2005 (Tokyo: GPO, 2005), 7.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Actually, there are many issues which Washington and Beijing disagree on, such as trade imbalance, human rights, and the U.S. arms sales to Taiwan. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">National Institute for Defense Studies, 226.\u00a0 Also, Huntington, 228.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 On the other hand, the U.S. government clearly stated with Japan in June 2006 that<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\nThe United States and Japan share interests in: winning the war on terrorism; maintaining regional stability and prosperity; promoting free market ideals and institutions; upholding human rights; securing freedom of navigation and commerce, including sea lanes; and enhancing global energy security.\u00a0 It is these common values and common interests that form the basis for U.S.-Japan regional and global cooperation. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">White House, Office of the Press Secretary, \u201cThe Japan-U.S. Alliance of the new Century,\u201d U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.state.gov\/p\/eap\/rls\/68464.htm.<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>From these documents, it is clear that the U.S. wants China as a peaceful partner, because the U.S. is busy fighting against terrorism and needs China\u2019s help, which shares its eastern border with the Islamic Central Asian states, to cooperate against it.\u00a0 This is the idea Zbigniew Brzeninski supported.\u00a0 He predicted that China cannot hold the regional hegemony soon, and since China cannot avoid democratization, it is possible to build peaceful relations between China and the U.S. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Brzeninski, 259-264.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Unfortunately, East Asia is still unstable.\u00a0 In this situation, if China uses its military power to break the status quo, the U.S. has to use its military toward China to protect its own hegemony over Asia and the Pacific. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Brzezinski, 298.\u00a0 Many experts agree that Asia is under the multipolar balance of power system with the hegemonic dominance of the U.S. (Prabhakar, 35).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 On the other hand, some experts predict that China and the United States cannot establish friendly relations because of the differences between cultures and national interests.\u00a0 For example, Samuel Huntington discussed that economic growth makes possible for the Asian states to develop their military capabilities and creates instability in this region; and China will try to regain its traditional hegemony by forcing other Asian States to choose between their side or the other side which attempt to contain them. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Huntington, 218.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 The leader of the \u201cother side\u201d is obviously the U.S.\u00a0 In these years, we can see this conflict between the two sides becomes more serious.\u00a0 There are two major alliances which might be created in Asia; one is the alliance between the U.S., Japan, Taiwan, Australia, India, Singapore, South Korea, and Thailand, and the other is the alliance between China, Iran, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Burma. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Prabhakar, 60.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Moreover, conflicts between them are caused not only by the difference of culture or political system, but they are caused by the title of the hegemony in Asia.\u00a0 China does not want American leadership in Asia because it is supposed to be their job, and the U.S. does not want any regional hegemony in another part of the world. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">The U.S. Has tried to prevent the emergence of regional hegemony in Europe and Asia through its history.\u00a0 When any possible candidates emerged in these areas, the U.S. defeated them in two world&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_8');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>John Mearsheimer is also one of the experts who predict that the U.S.-China conflict over Asian hegemony.\u00a0 He determined that America\u2019s basic and ultimate goal of international relations is \u201cto be the hegemony in the Western Hemisphere\u201d and \u201cnot to allow any hegemony in Europe and Asia.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mearsheimer, 497.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 If China sustains its economic growth speed, it can achieve enough latent power to challenge the U.S.; therefore, China will obtain the dominant power in Asia, become the rival of the U.S., and perhaps, be able to become the world super power as a result of competition with the U.S. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">He indicated that if China becomes as huge Hong Kong, its possible latent power would be four times larger than the U.S. has (Mearsheimer, 517).<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>On the other hand, there are some people who are more optimistic for the future in Asia.\u00a0 Brzeninski might be one of them.\u00a0 They might think that the democratization of China will help to reduce the confrontation.\u00a0 If China becomes a democratic state, it will share the basic national interests that the U.S. and Japan have.\u00a0 Or some people might argue that economic interdependence will prevent the aggressive behavior.\u00a0 As the globalization proceeds, the Chinese economy depends more on the other states; therefore, Beijing has to consider the international preferences.\u00a0 In the same sense, people predict that the Chinese government will reduce the authoritarian methods, as China takes more responsible roles such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Six-Party Talks in the international society. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">David M. Lampton, \u201cChina\u2019s Rise in Asia Need Not Be as America\u2019s Expense,\u201d in Power Shift: China and Asia\u2019s New Dynamics, ed. David Shambaugh (Berkeley: University of California Press,&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_11');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script><\/p>\n<p>The reality is quite opposite.\u00a0 As the dependence on trade increases, the PLAN expands its activities, and as China becomes the major figure in the international society, the Chinese people enhance their patriotism as the great power.\u00a0 Moreover, the Chinese people think that the U.S. behaviors on the international stage are based only on its own national interests, exploiting its military supremacy. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Lal, 90.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 To avoid being the next victim of the American intervention in the name of human rights, China must be strong enough.\u00a0 At last, Chinese foreign policies are based on case-by-case, calculating the benefits and costs each time. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[13]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Robert Sutter, \u201cChina\u2019s Regional Strategy and Why It May Not Be Good for America,\u201d in Power Shift: China and Asia\u2019s New Dynamics, ed. David Shambaugh (Berkeley: University of California&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_13');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 With its changing claims and positions, it is hard to call China the responsible state.\u00a0 The Chinese assistance to the Sudan government, which is accused internationally for its brutal repression, is a good example of this.\u00a0 Even after the democratization of China, it is less possible situation that China will be friendly and satisfied at the current circumstance that the U.S. power dominates Asia.\u00a0 The situation that China will keep pursue the regional hegemony might happen more likely.\u00a0 Basically, China is a realists\u2019 state as its history and its international situation proves. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_14');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_14');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_14\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[14]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_14\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mearsheimer, 483.\u00a0 Also, Avery Goldstein, \u201cGreat Expectations: Interpreting China\u2019s Arrival,\u201d in The Rise of China, ed. Michael E. Brown (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2000), 26-27.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_14').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_14', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 If China behaves with this realistic viewpoint, it will try to be the regional hegemony anyway, because it is the best way to secure its national interests. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_15');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_15');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_15\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[15]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_15\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mearsheimer, 517.\u00a0 Also, Xu Qi, \u201cMaritime Geostrategy and the Development of the Chinese Navy in the Early Twenty-First Century,\u201d Trans. Andrew S. Erickson and Lyle J. Goldstein, Naval War&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_15');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_15').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_15', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 A good example of this prediction is Russia.\u00a0 Both China and Russia have been powerful states through their imperial and communists\u2019 period.\u00a0 After 1991, what has the domestic Russia done?\u00a0 With similar historical and geopolitical background, there is more possibility that the democratic China would act Russia does under President Putin now.\u00a0 Of course, the Russian case is just an indicator; two countries have different people, economic policies and national interests.\u00a0 However, Russia proves the democratization cannot eliminate all authoritarian, nationalistic behaviors.\u00a0 In this way, regardless how much China is involved in the global economic system, how much China becomes the responsible state in the international society, and how much China becomes the democratic state, the confrontation between China and the U.S. is inevitable.\u00a0 A state which has achieved the regional hegemony does not want any another regional hegemony in other area, and it prefers the situation that there is more than two powerful states in the area. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_16');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_16');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_16\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[16]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_16\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mearsheimer, 69-70.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_16').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_16', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 This is why the U.S. concerns most about protection of its allies in Asia.<\/p>\n<p>First, the U.S. government stated \u201cThe U.S. Government has made clear that it supports peaceful resolution of cross-Strait differences in a manner acceptable to the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and opposes unilateral changes to the status quo.\u201d <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_17');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_17');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_17\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[17]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_17\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">US Office of the Secretary of Defense, 37.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_17').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_17', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 This support for the peaceful resolution is also adapted as the principle policy to the mainland of China.\u00a0 But the Taiwan issue has special meaning for China in the context of China-U.S. confrontation.\u00a0 Seizing Taiwan means China wins the strategic competition for the dominance of Asia. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_18');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_18');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_18\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[18]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_18\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Howarth, 29.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_18').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_18', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 For the U.S., the Taiwan issue also has strategic meaning.\u00a0 In short, loss of Taiwan would directly mean the loss of Japanese trust in the U.S.-Japan alliance. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_19');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_19');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_19\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[19]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_19\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Rahman, 81.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_19').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_19', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Taiwan must be defended, unless the U.S. finds no strategic and economic interests in Japan, or the U.S. just gives up its dominant power in Asia.\u00a0 Moreover, such a situation might cause the Japanese re-militarization and nuclearization, china-Japan arm race, and complete instability in Asia.\u00a0 Therefore, with the Taiwan Relation Act in 1979, the U.S. has committed to maintain security of Taiwan. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_20');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_20');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_20\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[20]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_20\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">US Office of the Secretary of Defense, 30.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_20').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_20', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Now, both China and the U.S. hardly avoid a war over Taiwan, because such war will damage both of them seriously.\u00a0 Moreover, this war might involve other Asian states as allies of either side.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the U.S. Navy guarantees the South and East China Sea trade routes for Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_21');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_21');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_21\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[21]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_21\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Mochizuki, 144.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_21').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_21', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 This guarantee allowed the U.S. access to East Asian markets.\u00a0 In this sense, it is important for the U.S. trade and the balance of power in East Asia to keep these seas free.\u00a0 This is one of the most important American national interests.\u00a0 Since the U.S. itself can be called a huge island surrounded by oceans, the security of sea-lanes is crucial for its own economy. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_22');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_22');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_22\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[22]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_22\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Wylie, 194.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_22').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_22', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 If China dominates sea-lanes, whether China reunifies Taiwan or not, Japan\u2019s power might be weakened, and this makes the U.S. influence over Asia weak.\u00a0 In addition to this, since the U.S. realized that its own security against terrorism comes by leading international approach for freedom of oppression and promotion of democracy, the U.S. needs understanding and alliances from the international society. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_23');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_23');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_23\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[23]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_23\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Japan Ministry of defense, Defense of Japan 2006 (Tokyo: GPO, 2006), 21.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_23').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_23', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 In other words, the U.S. has to satisfy Japan by securing its interests to get Japanese cooperation for the war on terrorism.\u00a0 This is same for the other states.\u00a0 Moreover, the U.S. has to satisfy Japan in the viewpoint of its own military in Japan.\u00a0 Japan is the important strategic key place, or in other words, power projection platform, which covers a half of the earth from Hawaii to the Cape of Good Hope. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_24');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_24');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_24\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[24]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_24\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kazuhisa Ogawa, \u201cDo we benefit the U.S.-Japan Alliance?,\u201d In Thinking Japanese New Security, ed. Masahiro Sakamoto and Tadamasa Fukiura (Tokyo: Jiyu-Kokuminsya, 2004), 203.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_24').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_24', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 In addition, there is the homeport for the U.S. 7th fleet, the camp of the Green Beret, and a base for Echelon in Japan.\u00a0 The alliance is \u201cthe key to every other issue of Asian stability\u201d for the U.S., and if Japan decides to dissolve the alliance; it is a nightmare for the U.S. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_25');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_25');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_25\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[25]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_25\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">B. K. Gordon, B. K. \u201cThe Asian-Pacific Rim: Success at a price,\u201d Foreign Affairs 71, no.1 (1990-1991): 157, http:\/\/proxy.mbc.edu:2108\/pqdweb?RQT=306&amp;TS=1192761093&amp;clientId=52920.\u00a0 Also,&nbsp;&#x2026; <span class=\"footnote_tooltip_continue\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_25');\">Continue reading<\/span><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_25').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_25', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 The U.S.-Japan alliance is crucial for the strategic interests.<\/p>\n<p>The U.S. also has developed a warm relation ship with India.\u00a0 With the U.S. backing, India can be more confident against China. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_26');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_26');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_26\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[26]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_26\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Garver, 223.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_26').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_26', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 However, the U.S.-India relation has been more complicated, because of U.S. relationship with Pakistan after the 9.11.\u00a0 At first, this American behavior helped China to enhance the relationship with Pakistan. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_27');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_27');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_27\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[27]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_27\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Sutter, \u201cChina\u2019s Rise in Asia: Promises and Perils,\u201d 246.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_27').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_27', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 It is enough for India to worry about their own security, because the U.S. is on the side of China and Pakistan.\u00a0 But later, the U.S. drew closer to India to deal with both terrorism and China. <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_28');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_641_1('footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_28');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_28\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">[28]<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_28\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Berlin, 64.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_28').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_641_1_28', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top center', relative: true, offset: [-7, 0], });<\/script>\u00a0 Since the U.S. still needs to keep the good relationship with Pakistan and China to deal with Afghanistan, India would find that it is hard to tighten the alliance with the U.S. as a member of democratic anti-China states.\u00a0 If the expansion of the PLAN to the Indian Ocean become more serious for the U.S. Navy\u2019s activities against terrorism, it is possible to tighten the U.S.-India relationship.<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_641_1();\">References<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_641_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_641_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_641_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">References<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">National Institute for Defense Studies, East Asian Strategic Review 2005 (Tokyo: GPO, 2005), 7.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">National Institute for Defense Studies, 226.\u00a0 Also, Huntington, 228.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">White House, Office of the Press Secretary, \u201cThe Japan-U.S. Alliance of the new Century,\u201d U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/www.state.gov\/p\/eap\/rls\/68464.htm.<\/span><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Brzeninski, 259-264.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Brzezinski, 298.\u00a0 Many experts agree that Asia is under the multipolar balance of power system with the hegemonic dominance of the U.S. (Prabhakar, 35).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Huntington, 218.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Prabhakar, 60.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">The U.S. Has tried to prevent the emergence of regional hegemony in Europe and Asia through its history.\u00a0 When any possible candidates emerged in these areas, the U.S. defeated them in two world wars (Huntington, 228-229).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mearsheimer, 497.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">He indicated that if China becomes as huge Hong Kong, its possible latent power would be four times larger than the U.S. has (Mearsheimer, 517).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">David M. Lampton, \u201cChina\u2019s Rise in Asia Need Not Be as America\u2019s Expense,\u201d in Power Shift: China and Asia\u2019s New Dynamics, ed. David Shambaugh (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 314-315.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lal, 90.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Robert Sutter, \u201cChina\u2019s Regional Strategy and Why It May Not Be Good for America,\u201d in Power Shift: China and Asia\u2019s New Dynamics, ed. David Shambaugh (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), 299.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_14');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_14\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>14<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mearsheimer, 483.\u00a0 Also, Avery Goldstein, \u201cGreat Expectations: Interpreting China\u2019s Arrival,\u201d in The Rise of China, ed. Michael E. Brown (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2000), 26-27.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_15');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_15\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>15<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mearsheimer, 517.\u00a0 Also, Xu Qi, \u201cMaritime Geostrategy and the Development of the Chinese Navy in the Early Twenty-First Century,\u201d Trans. Andrew S. Erickson and Lyle J. Goldstein, Naval War College Review 59, no.4 (2006): 56,<br \/>\n<span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/proxy.mbc.edu:2263\/itx\/start.do?prodId=AONE&amp;userGroupName=mbaldwin.\u00a0<\/span> Downs and Saunders emphasized on the nationalism aspects.\u00a0 They argued that as economy growth, the nationalism grows in China, so as the military expansionism.\u00a0 (Downs and Saunders, 42-43).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_16');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_16\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>16<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mearsheimer, 69-70.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_17');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_17\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>17<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">US Office of the Secretary of Defense, 37.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_18');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_18\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>18<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Howarth, 29.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_19');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_19\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>19<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Rahman, 81.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_20');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_20\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>20<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">US Office of the Secretary of Defense, 30.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_21');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_21\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>21<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Mochizuki, 144.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_22');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_22\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>22<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Wylie, 194.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_23');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_23\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>23<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Japan Ministry of defense, Defense of Japan 2006 (Tokyo: GPO, 2006), 21.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_24');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_24\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>24<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kazuhisa Ogawa, \u201cDo we benefit the U.S.-Japan Alliance?,\u201d In Thinking Japanese New Security, ed. Masahiro Sakamoto and Tadamasa Fukiura (Tokyo: Jiyu-Kokuminsya, 2004), 203.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_25');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_25\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>25<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">B. K. Gordon, B. K. \u201cThe Asian-Pacific Rim: Success at a price,\u201d Foreign Affairs 71, no.1 (1990-1991): 157, <span class=\"footnote_url_wrap\">http:\/\/proxy.mbc.edu:2108\/pqdweb?RQT=306&amp;TS=1192761093&amp;clientId=52920.\u00a0<\/span> Also, Ogawa, 202.\u00a0 The 7th fleet is the largest in the U.S. Navy covering the western Pacific Ocean and the East Asian seas (Howarth, 57).<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_26');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_26\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>26<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Garver, 223.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_27');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_27\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>27<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Sutter, \u201cChina\u2019s Rise in Asia: Promises and Perils,\u201d 246.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_641_1_28');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_641_1_28\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>28<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Berlin, 64.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_641_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_641_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_641_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_641_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_641_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_641_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_641_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_641_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_641_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_641_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_641_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_641_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_641_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_641_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter6: Does China challenge US dominance in Asia? The PLAN\u2019s expansion does not impact only states in Asia. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-641","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-13","category-11"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=641"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":644,"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/641\/revisions\/644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=641"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=641"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wunderkammer.oops.jp\/main\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=641"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}